Introduction
Elbow dislocation occurs when the bones of the elbow joint are forced apart, making it impossible for the joint surfaces to connect properly. It’s the second most common major joint dislocation, just after the shoulder.
How Does an Elbow Dislocation Happen?
Elbow dislocations typically result from falls onto an outstretched hand or accidents, such as a road traffic injury. In more severe cases, the force from the injury may also cause fractures around the elbow.
Case Example:
Imagine you’re cycling on a mountain trail. As you descend a steep slope, you lose control and fall, landing on your hand to break the fall. Almost immediately, you feel an intense, sharp pain in your elbow. Upon looking, your elbow appears out of place. At the emergency room, the doctor confirms that you’ve dislocated your elbow— a typical case of an elbow dislocation from a fall on an outstretched hand.
How Does an Elbow Dislocation Present?
- Visual deformity: The elbow appears out of its normal position.
- Severe pain: The pain is intense until the joint is realigned.
- Immediate relief after reduction: Once the dislocated joint is put back in place, the pain subsides significantly.
- Swelling and bruising: Around the elbow, swelling and discoloration may develop.
- Nerve involvement: In some cases, there might be numbness or tingling, signaling potential nerve injury near the elbow.
How is an Elbow Dislocation Diagnosed?
- Clinical examination: Doctors typically diagnose elbow dislocations based on symptoms and physical appearance.
- X-rays: These images confirm the dislocation and check for associated fractures.
- MRI: In certain cases, an MRI is performed to evaluate the extent of ligament damage.
How is an Elbow Dislocation Treated?
Nonsurgical Treatment
Most elbow dislocations can be treated without surgery.
- Reduction: A doctor manually realigns the bones, a process known as closed reduction. This is done under sedation or general anesthesia to minimize discomfort.
- Immobilization: After realignment, an arm sling is worn to support the joint for a few days to weeks, depending on the severity of the ligament injury.
Surgical Treatment
If the dislocation is accompanied by fractures or severe ligament damage, surgery might be necessary.
- Fracture repair and ligament reconstruction: Surgery may involve fixing the broken bones and reconstructing the torn ligaments to restore normal elbow function.
Post-Surgery Care
- Arm sling: After surgery, a sling is worn for a few weeks to support the joint.
- RICE method: Rest, ice, compression, and elevation help reduce swelling and pain in the days following surgery.
- Physical therapy: Gradual, supervised exercises help restore movement, strength, and coordination in the elbow, ensuring a smooth recovery.
Conclusion
While elbow dislocations can be painful and temporarily disabling, prompt treatment, whether surgical or non-surgical, ensures a good recovery. Following the appropriate aftercare and rehabilitation plan will get you back to daily activities and sports.