Understanding ACL Injuries
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most commonly injured knee ligaments, especially during sports.
What is the ACL?
The ACL connects the thigh bone (femur) to the shin bone (tibia) and helps stabilize your knee by preventing the tibia from sliding forward.
How Do ACL Injuries Happen?
ACL tears usually occur during:
- Sudden stops
- Overextending the knee
- Quick pivots or changes in direction
Case Example:
A 28-year-old recreational badminton player felt a sharp “pop” in their knee while suddenly stopping to change direction during a match. The knee swelled up immediately, and they experienced instability when trying to walk. Even though the swelling reduced after a few weeks, the knee continued to “give way” during normal activities.
After consulting with an orthopaedic surgeon and getting an MRI, the diagnosis was a torn ACL.
Symptoms of a Torn ACL
Common signs of an ACL tear include:
- A “pop” sound during the injury
- Knee swelling
- Instability or a “giving way” feeling
- Pain, especially when walking downhill
Diagnosing an ACL Tear
Doctors use physical exams and tests like X-rays or MRIs to confirm the injury. In some cases, arthroscopy (a minor surgery) may be needed.
Treating an ACL Tear
Initial treatment involves rest, ice, and exercises to reduce swelling. However, if the knee remains unstable, arthroscopic surgery is often recommended to replace the torn ACL with a graft, usually from the hamstring or patellar tendon.
Post-Surgery Recovery
After surgery, patients follow a 6-month rehabilitation program to regain knee strength and stability, helping them return to their daily activities or sports.